Arcadius Kahan (January 16, 1920 – 1982) was a noted 20th century economic historian and Professor at the University of Chicago. Arcadius was arthur of 'Russian Economic History, The Nineteenth Century' also 'The Plow the Hammer and the Knout' The latter book presents his explanation of foundation of the Russian economy and power structure.
Kahan came to the U of Chicago after severe persecution in the old Soviet Union that included a stay in the Triblinka prison. Also he was member of the University of Chicago department of Economics, he was never a members of the Chicago school of economics. He held a visiting professorship at the London School of Economics.